Since the genetic codes and sequences of human beings and many different organisms become available, their role in biological processes and diseases become more understood and comprehensible to human beings. Possibilities of making good use of these bioinformatics knowledge and manipulation of genes have opened a brave new world for us to explore. This course in intended to introduce basic concepts of gene structures, gene functions, genetic engineering, synthetic biology and the impacts of such gene technology on our society. Genetic engineering of biological organisms aims to help human beings to resolve problems associated with our sustainability on planet earth in various aspects of health and medical cares, food and energy supply, environmental sustainability, industrial production and monitoring, etc, all have significant impacts on our society as a whole, despite some might cause much debate.